| date |
event/system |
role(s)of
computer |
| 1960s |
S-R
machines(e.g., Skinner, 1968) |
as
Skinner box |
| 1960s |
CAI
(e.g., Suppes, 1979) |
as
textbook |
| 1967 |
LOGO
(Feurzeig et al., 1967) |
as
individual learning environment |
| 1970 |
ICAI/ITS
(Carbonell, 1970) |
as
tutor |
| 1975 |
SOPHIE
(Brown, Burton, de Kleer, 1981) |
as
individual learning environment and tutor |
| 1980 |
Constructionism
(Papert, 1980) |
as
construction kit |
| 1981 |
STEAMER
(Williams, Hollan & Stevens, 1981) |
as
simulated machinery (or laboratory) |
| 1986 |
CISLE
(Scardemalia & Bereiter, 1986) |
as
classroom learning environment |
| 1990 |
ILS/NWU
(Schank et al., 1990) |
as
simulated social situation |
| 1991 |
Situated
Learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991) |
as
part of a learning context (participatory framework) |
| 1994 |
WWW |
as
broadcast medium |
1995-
now |
Computer-Supported
Collaborative Learning |
as
populated place or space |
|
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